Computer science (or computing science) is the study and the science of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems.[1][2][3] Computer science has many sub-fields; some emphasize the computation of specific results (such as computer graphics), while others relate to properties of computational problems (such as computational complexity theory). Still others focus on the challenges in implementing computations. For example, programming language theory studies approaches to describing computations, while computer programming applies specific programming languages to solve specific computational problems. A further subfield, human-computer interaction, focuses on the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable and universally accessible to people.
Applications within computer science
A formal definition of computation and computability, and proof that there are computationally unsolvable and intractable problems.[10]
The concept of a programming language, a tool for the precise expression of methodological information at various levels of abstraction.[11]
Applications outside of computing
Sparked the Digital Revolution which led to the current Information Age and the Internet.[12]
In cryptography, breaking the Enigma machine was an important factor contributing to the Allied victory in World War II.[9]
Scientific computing enabled advanced study of the mind and mapping the human genome was possible with Human Genome Project.[12] Distributed computing projects like protein folding.
Algorithmic trading has increased the efficiency and liquidity of financial markets by using artificial intelligence, machine learning and other statistical and numerical techniques on a large scale.
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